A Look At Picasso :: essays research papers

Picasso’s Guernica is unique and unlike any other photograph or painting of a historical war scene. Historical photographs show scenes and capture moments in time, but when viewing them an intangible â€Å"wall† exists between the viewer and the photograph. The difference between photographs and original paintings is that the painting allows the viewer to break through the â€Å"wall† and actually experience the feelings and emotions expressed in the painting. â€Å"We only see what we look at and to look is act of choice.† (â€Å"Ways of Seeing† 8) â€Å"The photographer’s way of seeing is reflected in his choice of subject, they are showing you what they want you to see.† (â€Å"Ways of Seeing† 10) Photographs are taken for a reason; there are many other angles or other scenes a photographer can choose from and it is up to the photographer to decide which one the viewer sees. In essence, the viewer only sees one aspect of the image captured with the lens of the camera. For example, â€Å"when only the head of a figure is visible in a picture which appeals to visual thinking—as distinguished, for example, from a news photograph which many make use of the sense of sight merely for the purpose of informing us of what went on in a certain place—that figure is always to be seen as being incomplete.† (Arnheim 11) The eye cannot continue beyond the borders of the photograph and the wholene ss of the picture is lost. In a painting, the artist has painted all of the elements to be seen simultaneously. â€Å"The spectator may need time to examine each element of the painting but whenever he reaches a conclusion the simultaneity of the whole painting is here to reverse or quality his conclusion.† (â€Å"Ways of Seeing† 26) A painting maintains its own authority, the painting does not capture momentary appearances it creates its’ own. In doing so the viewer becomes a part of the painting, when the viewer steps away from the painting he is no longer an influence or a part of the painting. Paintings can not be seen in two places at the same time, â€Å"when the camera reproduces a painting, it destroys the uniqueness of its image.† (â€Å"Ways of Seeing†13) The uniqueness is destroyed because the painting now travels to the spectator rather then the spectator to the painting. â€Å"The viewer, views it in his or her surroundings and it is influenced by their surroundings.

Department of Food Science Essay

According to Stable Micro Ltd. (2013), â€Å"Texture analysis is the mechanical testing of food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, adhesives and other consumer products either in compression or in tension. The TA. XTplus Texture Analyser assesses textural properties by capturing force, distance and time data at a rate of up to 500 points per second which is then displayed by fully integrated Exponent 32-bit software†. Characterization of food texture commonly falls into two main groups, based on sensory and instrumental methods of analysis. Sensory analysis includes of the senses of smell, taste, sound and touch. Evaluation of food texture by touch includes the use of fingers, as well as the lips, tongue, palate and teeth in the mouth. Strain is one of the rheological quantity associated with deformation which a measure of the relative displacement between the particles of a material. TA. XT2 texture analyser can be used to measure the strain, the change in length per unit length. The other quantity that being measured is a stress, a measure of force concentration on a material. Stress is the force per unit area that its magnitude be expressed in pascals. The variety of probes and fixtures for TA. XT2texture analyser which based on empirical principles may be classified according the type of action involved. As examples, compression, puncture and penetration, cutting and shearing, extrusion, tension, fracture and bending or snapping and adhesion. REFERENCES: Stable Micro Ltd. (2013). THE WORLD STANDARD FOR TEXTURE ANALYSIS. Stable Micro Systems. Retrieved from http://www. stablemicrosystems. com/frameset. htm? http://www. stablemicrosystems. com/taxtplus2. htm

Psychological Analysis of Skipping School - 1055 Words

Psychological Analysis of Skipping School â€Å"Education is what survives when what has been learned has been forgotten.† (Skinner) Skipping school and class among students at Glebe Collegiate Institute has become a pressing issue. It not only affects the personal education of those who skip, but the other students and teachers around them. Burrhus Frederic Skinner knew that obtaining a healthy education can have a great impact on someone’s future. By using and applying psychological theories and perspectives, such as B.F. Skinner’s theories of operant conditioning and Milgram’s theory of obedience, the number of students skipping class can be greatly decreased, and therefore promote a better, healthier learning environment. As mentioned above, skipping school is a real issue amongst students that does not go without consequence. However at Glebe the only real consequence for students that skip is a delay or set back in their education. Which in the long run could have a damaging effect on their overall high school career. â€Å"It has been found that students who miss more than 10 days of school each year are 20% less likely to graduate and have a 25% less chance of ever enrolling in college or university.† (Time) The problem with this consequence is that it’s not great enough; students who skip do not release their personal consequences to themselves so they do not view it as an issue. Teachers at Glebe make it too easy to miss class; they do not offer any real punishmentShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Gangs And Violence995 Words   |  4 Pagesthat 1,109 school-aged youth were shot, and 216 of those were killed in 2010. As a student of UIC, I often receive crime alert emails as violence cases seemed to occur quite often around the campus area. In order to improve the public security to ensure residents’ safety, it is essential to find ways to solve these issues. It is because violence can cause negative effects in many different aspects. Besides individual’s physical well being, it may also lead to some long-term psychological problems;Read MoreChildhood Obesity : A Growing Disease1492 Words   |  6 PagesChildhood obesity in America is a growing disease that has become an epidemic that has lasting psychological effects because of advertisement of fast food, lack of physical activities, and parental control has made food become a major health issue in many young teenagers’ lives today. Who is to blame? Childhood obesity has more than tripled in the past 30 years (cdc.gov). this takes us to the focus of how childhood obesity has become an enormous issue today. For us to understand theRead MoreCorrelation Between Purposeful Movement Within The Classroom And Improved Attention Span With An Increase Student Achievement1382 Words   |  6 Pagesway to support learning and development (Furmanek, 2014). â€Å"When we think of intellectual activity, we always imagine people sitting still, motionless. But mental development must be connected with movement and dependent on it† (Montessori).This analysis will include the history movement-based active learning and the affects it has on students. Movement Evidence from multiple studies and research reviews suggest that physical activity improves many academic outcomes including overall academic successRead MoreSocial Phobia And Social Anxiety Disorder Essay1730 Words   |  7 Pagesthat may affect their quality of life. Developmental or environmental factors greatly influence anxiety in social situations. For example, a sheltered child is more likely to lack communication or social skills than an exposed child. Furthermore, psychological factors such as a traumatizing event like bullying, humiliation, or neglect may contribute to feelings of apprehension around people. An individual who experiences rape or molestation may fear that it will happen again, thus avoiding social situationsRead MoreCarl Fleischer Case Study Essay1662 Words   |  7 Pages Case Analysis 6.2 Carl Fleischer, a 17 year old high school student was sent to the Social Workers office to discuss surrounding issues that might be the cause of his failing grades. Carl was very candid in his conversation with the Social Worker and admits to being an under achiever. Carl is not performing well academically which is a concern. The school Social Worker wanted to learn about Carl and asked him open and closed ended questions about is daily life style. Carl was very talkativeRead MoreEssay about Consultation Advocacy1935 Words   |  8 Pagescounseling. Without getting to know the client to some extent, there is no way to conduct a behavior analysis and assessment, which is required for the improvement of the client. As a marriage and family therapist I will be working with clients of all ages, ethnicities, genders, sexual orientations, religions, and disabilities. It will be my overall responsibility to positively help clients on psychological issues that are too hard to handle themselves. Advocacy stands out the most when I relate it toRead MoreFast Food Has A High Energy Density And Low Nutrient Profile1554 Words   |  7 PagesThe risk for childhood obesity begins as early as prenatal exposure, is influenced by parental weight, and continues into infancy and adolescence with increased television time, inactive lifestyle, and poor eating habits. A study of 4,845 primary school children aged 6 to 12 assessed the relationship between gestational weight gain and childhood overweight. The participants’ parents completed a general questionnaire about parental education, parental BMI, child’s birthweight, child’s physical activityRead MoreLa Nouvelle Vague: Influential Filmmak ers1490 Words   |  6 Pagesthe movie star while it didn’t happen a lot before, and fact a lot of Monologue were used with the accuracy of delivering literature information and cinema works, simplicity in everything even while editing the film, relying of the sensual psychological impact illustrating human thoughts Issues. Movies became a personal experience, they were given their own spirit†¦ And this exactly brings us to talk about the â€Å" Auteurs Theory† that was responsible for the birth of â€Å" Auteurs Cinema† and weRead MoreThe Macrosystem: From Child to Adult Essay1384 Words   |  6 Pagesmesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem. The microsystem is the family, classroom, or systems in the immediate environment in which a person is operating. The mesosystem is two Microsystems interacting, such as the connection between a child’s home and school. The exosystem is an environment in which an individual is indirectly involved and is external to his experience, yet it affects him anyway i.e. a child’s parent’s workplace. The macrosystem is the larger cultural context. Various development theoriesRead MoreKINE 1301 Essay1593 Words   |  7 Pagesways to produce ATP: Anaerobic system Without oxygen High energy expenditure, short time (6-60 seconds) Aerobic system With oxygen Lower rate of energy expenditure, longer period of time (more than 3 minutes) What years marked reform in the schools? Bill Clinton (2000) Educate America Act *readiness to learn, improve graduation rates, Competency in core subjects, world leadership in math and science, adult literacy, positive safe environment, professional development of teachers, parental

Gun Control Laws Will NOT Reduce Crime Essay - 1336 Words

Gun control laws aim to restrict or regulate firearms by selecting who can sell, buy and possess certain guns. Criminals do not obey laws and stricter gun control laws or banning guns will have little effect on reducing crimes. There are many myths about gun control reducing acts of gun violence, which are simply not true according to research. People are responsible for the crimes, not the guns themselves. Taking guns away from United States citizens that use them for many reasons, shooting practice, competition, hunting and self-defense, should not be punished for the acts of criminals. As stated by Mytheos Holt, â€Å"Guns in the right hands help public safety. Guns in the wrong hands harm public safety†. Research shows that defensive use of†¦show more content†¦According to Gary Kleck, guns are used for self-defense almost every 13 seconds (Garrett 1). Gary Kleck received his B.A. from the University of Illinois in 1973 and his Ph.D. in Sociology in 1979. He has b een with Florida State University’s School of Criminology for his entire career. Since 1976, Kleck has been studying guns and their effect in violence and crime (Tucci 1). Kleck has written many books about gun control and self-defense, and received the Michael J. Hindelang award in 1993. Kleck studied 2,000 households and found that guns have been used more for self-defense than committing crimes. Kleck did research in 1993 on self-defense and found much information regarding crime versus self-defense. Research has found that robbery and assault rates are lower when the victims are armed with guns. The study on guns and use of self-defense was one of the most damaging arguments against restricted gun rights (Garrett 1). The two most relied on surveys are National Self-Defense Survey, researched by Marc Gertz and Gary Kleck in 1995, and the Police Foundation Survey done in 1996. During 1988-1993, â€Å"there were 2.5 million incidents of defensive gun use per year in the United States†. It has been proven that â€Å"†¦defensive uses of guns are about three to four times more common than criminal uses of guns† (Kleck 2). Ou t of all the criminal gun assaults, only 3% involve anyone being injured. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Irresponsible Deployment of Tasers by Canadian Police Essay1919 Words   |  8 PagesNASA researcher, John H. Cover, in the 1960’s and 70’s, the TASER ® has been widely adopted by police agencies as a non-lethal alternative to guns. While these devices have aided authorities in subduing suspects, it has also resulted in numerous unnecessary deaths. The general perception of the non-lethality of Tasers along with poor judgement on the part of law enforcement has culminated in the over use and apparent misuse of discharge against suspects when alternate options have existed. The followingRead MoreJuvenile Crime Issues in Today’s Criminal Justice System18893 Words   |  76 Pageshas these common law, constitutional, statutory, and humanitarian rights that may be threatened by technological advances and other developments:  ©  ©  ©  © chapter 15 Juvenile Justice chapter 16 Drugs and Crime chapter 17 Terrorism and Multinational Criminal Justice chapter 18 The Future of Criminal Justice These individual rights must be effectively balanced against these present and emerging community concerns: Widespread drug abuse among youth The threat of juvenile crime Urban gang violenceRead MoreEDPM CSEC15093 Words   |  61 PagesIntellectual property conceptualised as the protection of the rights of persons who produce, gather or disseminate ideas and information, including authors, singers and journalists. 2. describe the rights that are protected by intellectual property laws; Rights that are protected Economic rights: the level of payment for use of the product by third parties. Moral rights: violating the integrity and reputation of the author through misrepresentation or misquoting of the work. 3. The copyright conceptRead MoreNeophyte Essay11176 Words   |  45 PagesCRYSTAL METHAMPHETAMINE: WHAT IS IT? WHO USES CRYSTAL METH HOW CRYSTAL METH IS USED HOW CRYSTAL METH IS MADE HOW CRYSTAL METH AFFECTS THE BODY, MIND, RELATIONSHIPS AND THE ENVIRONMENT PART II GOVERNMENT, ORGANIZED CRIME AND THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY IN THE UNITED STATES CRYSTAL METH AND ILLEGAL DRUG STRATEGIES IN CANADA FIRST NATIONS AND CRYTAL METH TREATMENT STRATEGIES PART III TALA TOOTOOSIS’ STORY CRYSTAL METH ON THE NAVAJO NATIONRead MoreCorporation (Fisch) Outline Penn Law Essay62808 Words   |  252 PagesOther Concepts 2 B.) Agency and Partnership Law 2 II.) INTRODUCTION TO THE CORPORATE FORM 16 A.) Formation and Structure 16 B.) Debt, Equity, and Valuation 22 III.) CONTROL OF CORPORATE DECISIONS 32 A.) The Role of the Shareholder 32 B.) Management Obligations 50 1.) Duty of Care 51 2.) Duty of Loyalty 56 3.) Duty of Fairness: Parent-Subsidiary Relationships 63 4.) Duty of Good Faith 64 5.) Management Obligations Under Federal Securities Laws 67 C.) Shareholder Litigation 76 IV.)Read MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 PagesonaryDictionary of Ònà ¬Ã¯â‚¬ ¬chà   Igbo 2nd edition of the Igbo dictionary, Kay Williamson, Ethiope Press, 1972. Kay Williamson († ) This version prepared and edited by Roger Blench Roger Blench Mallam Dendo 8, Guest Road Cambridge CB1 2AL United Kingdom Voice/ Fax. 0044-(0)1223-560687 Mobile worldwide (00-44)-(0)7967-696804 E-mail R.Blench@odi.org.uk http://www.rogerblench.info/RBOP.htm To whom all correspondence should be addressed. This printout: November 16, 2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS Abbreviations:Read More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 PagesMacintosh and Power Macintosh are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. Used herein under license. Library of Congress Control Number: 2006933904 Student Edition: ISBN-13: 978-0-495-11873-2 ISBN-10: 0-495-11873-7 ââ€"   To my nephews, Jesse and Luke Smidt, who bet I wouldn’t put their names in this book. R. P. ââ€"   To my wife, Sally, and my daughter, Anna C. O. ââ€"   To Carol, Allie, and Teri. J. D. ââ€"   About the Authors puter Teacher of the Year award in 1988 and received theRead MoreEssay on Aviation Security3679 Words   |  15 Pagesas ‘passive detectors’, highlighting a flawed system design in that though a humble beginning, they were ineffective against scanning metals which were incapable of being magnetized. This posed as a problem in security because a large portion of guns manufactured from the United States were made from nonferrous metals for ‘light weight’ purposes and therefore, could easily remain undetected. In terms of how the legislative framework of screening in airports has been impacted, an iconic eventRead MoreImmigration to the United States8027 Words   |  33 PagesThe Immigration Debate US immigration laws in the last 25 years †¢ 1980 - Refugee Act increased overall refugee quotas to 270,000 †¢ 1986 - Immigration Reform and Control Act granted lawful permanent residency to over 2.7 million undocumented immigrants †¢ 1990 - Immigration Act established categories of employment and placed cap of number of non-immigrant workers †¢ 1996 - Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act - imposed strict penalties against illegal immigration and expandedRead MoreEssay about Gang Injunctions10585 Words   |  43 Pagesover 150 injunctions in effect throughout the state,2 and is just now beginning to take root in other states.3 One primary reason for an increase in the use of gang injunctions is most likely due to ever-increasing gang members and gang-related crimes.4 The most recent gang threat assessment conducted by the FBI indicates that there are approximately 1.4 million gang members nationwide who belong to more than

E-business Foundations and Basic Concepts Example

Essays on E-business Foundations and Basic Concepts Research Paper E-business Foundations and Basic Concepts Number Department Trust and Security Quality web hosting service providers for organizations ensure the websites of their client businesses are available via the World Wide Web. They provide space for virtual data storage and access through ownership or a lease. Web hosts also provide Internet connectivity to clients. From simple file hosting and sharing via the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) to sophisticated cloud computing services, web hosts have become the archetype for modern businesses. The sophistication of the processes has raised security issues, especially for users (Kajan, 2011). Services including web browsing, e-mail, Internet faxing, voice-over-IP (VoIP) and instant messaging are affected by security issues. However, the use of forward secrecy in which it is impossible to derive temporary session key from the permanent asymmetric secret key makes the use of the services more secure. HTTP vs HTTPS Hypertext Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) allows web users to communicate online with other web sites, while Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) ensures the security of such communications through an encryption (Kajan, 2011). With HTTPS, third parties cannot eavesdrop on information exchanges across websites. For instance, one may get an e-mail notification on a sale of a product but when it comes to the entry of personal or confidential information such as credit card number, password or social security number it is done securely on HTTPS sites. Public-key cryptography Public key cryptography is a security algorithm which is composed of two different but mathematically linked entry points for private and public (Kajan, 2011). Whereas the latter key encrypts plaintext or corroborates the authenticity of a digital signature, the former key helps to create digital signature or decrypt ciphertext. Network security Examples of bad network security practices include; use of simple and or guessable passwords, failing to sign out from a web interface, and opening unnecessary firewall ports. VPN A Virtual Private Network (VPN) is an internally created Internet connection within an organization. A VPN helps organizations to cut costs when using leased Wide Area Network lines, and long-distance telephone services. Browser cookies A browser cookie is a tiny piece of data that websites send to user’s web browsers for storage while browsers surf the website. Cookies send back details of the user’s previous browsing activity to the server. Cookies enable web servers to remember important information such as goods which a user has filled in a shopping cart. Cookie myths: a) browser cookies track every activity of Internet users – the truth is that cookies will remember only the information that an individual has already entered on particular Internet sites; b) cookies are viruses and may spam messages or create unnecessary popups - the truth is that they are merely text files; and c) viruses can extract personal information from the cookies – cookie text files cannot reveal such information (Kajan, 2011). Web application security A web application refers to any software whose operations is supported by a web browser or has a programming language that is compatible with a web browser such as JavaScript. Cloud computing is an example of the business use of a web app. Making web apps user friendly, and logging out idle accounts by web administrators will improve their security. Security certificates A security certificate enables an organization to host a secure website with adequate encryption. By ensuring a web site encrypts the information and has a functional certificate, people can help safeguard themselves against hackers who create mischievous sites to collect information from an organization (Kajan, 2011). Setting the website to begin with HTTPS rather than HTTP is the best way to obtain a security certificate. Recruitment and work opportunities on the World Wide Web LinkedIn enables organizations to post videos and photos of their internal processes, advertise for jobs and get the right applicants to fill such positions; b) with a company page, HR managers can link with top performers and woo them into their companies for a higher productivity, and; c) companies can build their credibility through LinkedIn by making essential updates via blogs, twitter and other social networking sites. Online employment markets Online employment markets such as the jobsmarket.com enables job applicants to post their resumes online for browsing and invitation to interviews by potential employers. Other work opportunities online Jobcentreonline.com is another website that outsources freelance IT work. They place an ad for potential applicants to apply (Kajan, 2011). With an online application form and portal to upload one’s personal details, and academic qualifications, they screen and shortlist the applicants. Then they contact the qualifying candidates, carry out a short telephone interview and give them the job. Upon satisfactory completion of the job, their payment is processed and sent through international payment systems such as Payoneer, Moneybookers or Paypal. E-business quality control Electronic business is increasingly becoming competitive each passing day and with its quality being based on content. To survive in this environment, best practices push business organizations and publishers to measure and present the best website content as possible. Generating quality content revolves around providing the audience with vital information that creates and maintains trust, integrity, and engagement. eBay and Amazon are examples of companies that publish quality online content. Search engine optimization Search engine optimization (SEO) entails the process of influencing the appearance of a website or page naturally in search engines results. Google SEO guidelines requires users to research the words they want to search before writing the content; write the key words from the list of Google SEO keywords provided; Google’s Keyword Density Checker will try to match the words and arrange the results in order of priority. Some of the myths surrounding SEO include; billing affecting the order of the results; companies that top the results are endorsed by Google; and that Google spies on users of Google Analytics (Kajan, 2011). Google web Analytics Google web Analytics is a service that creates comprehensive statistics regarding the source and flow of web traffic. The tool also measures conversions and billings. The service is mainly used by advertising firms and not webmasters and technologists who came up with the idea. Alternatives to Google web Analytics include: Clicky, Mixpanel, FoxMetrics, Open Web Analytics, Kissmetrics, Logfile Analysis, and Website Tracking Tools. Industry trends Google products that are good for business include: Google Chrome, a web browser; Gmail, an e-mail service; Google Drive, a cloud memory application that stores data of up to 10GB; and Google Analytics, an application for measuring the web traffic, especially for billing ads. Cloud computing Cloud computing refers to a number of computing philosophies that encompass a wide range of computers linked through a virtual communication system. A computer cloud has applications, platforms and networks that businesses can use for marketing and communications with customers. Software as a service Software as a service (SaaS) enables businesses and individual users access to application software and memory storage, provided one has Internet connection. Unlike traditional desktop applications where users purchase software and install them on their remote computers, for SaaS application software can be accessed and used on the servers of service providers. Salesforce, Basecamp, and QuickBook are examples of clouds (Kajan, 2011). Social networks for business Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr, LinkedIn, and Google+ are the major social networking sites used today (Kajan, 2011). Business organizations can set up pages and attract followers online. Business organizations can then use this relationship to communicate, introduce new brands and market their existing products and services. Smartphone Apps Smartphone apps are application software created to run on smartphones. A business can benefit from smartphone apps such as LinkedIn by getting into contact with potential staff. References Kajan, E. 2011. Electronic Business Interoperability: Concepts, Opportunities and Challenges. New York: Idea Group Inc (IGI).

Personal Acheivments free essay sample

Sophomore year things clicked for me. I was at the peak of everything I’ve ever worked for. But it took some bad before any good could happen. I had been told that I had a knack for writing. Taking a journalism class as a sophomore was obvious. But I couldn’t find any words on the first day of school when I was thrown into the fast paced editing world I had no choice but to be a fast learner to keep up with the juniors and seniors. It took weeks to finally learn the correct writing style of a journalist and the do’s and don’ts of photography. The teacher decided to send in student articles to national competitions to get our names out there, my mediocre article include. Seven months later, I got the letter. My article had been selected among other students in the country to be published. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Acheivments or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page That summer, I was able to pick up a hard cover copy of â€Å"Celebrating What is Important to Me† the Spring 2010 edition with my name and article in dark, black print. Seeing my name sparked my interest in a journalism career. The fast pace suddenly got me excited to do more for the paper. I now am the photography editor and help the wide-eyed sophomores on their first days. After that first day of Journalism though, keeping up became a trend in my life. Soon the confidence started building in me and spilled over into my gymnastics career. I have been doing gymnastics for ten years and I had never had an injury until I was 15. Competing on the vault, I threw my skill and landed short. This caused a contusion to the ligaments in my ankle and a hyper-extended ACL. After having to miss multiple competitions, I was cleared to start competing again. With only one meet left before the State Championship, I was forced to throw my basic skills to stay in the game. Soon after though, I was at the State Championship and competing all four events better than ever. The adrenaline from being out of the gym so long hit me at just the right time. I finished the meet and received the gold medal on floor exercise. I qualified for the Regional Championship which was two weeks away. It was my first time coming off an injury and I was competing in what felt like the Olympics. Surely I didn’t belong there. Regardless, in the end I earned my spot at the top of the podium. Towering over everyone, I was the first place Regional Floor Champion. I love the idea of a challenge and taking part in journalism, the school paper, and gymnastics allows me the responsibility to meet deadlines every day. My achievements in the gymnastics world and the academic world have provided me with the opportunity to learn new skills as well as strengths in myself

Acid Rain (1894 words) Essay Example For Students

Acid Rain (1894 words) Essay Acid RainMy first question is , What is Acid Rain? You hear about it all the timein the news and it is very important to the earths ecosystem. In simpleterms, acid rain is rain that is more acidic than normal. All objects in naturehave a certain level of acicicity but acid rain has too much acid in it. Acidrain is a complicated problem, caused by air pollution. Acid rains spread anddamage involves weather, chemistry, soil, and the life cycles of plants andanimals on the land and from acid rain in the water. Acidity is measured using apH scale, with the number 7 being neutral. Therefore, a body with a pH value ofless than 7 is acidic. On the other hand, a value greater than 7 is basic. ThepH of 5.6 has been used as the baseline in identifying acid rain, although thisvalue is controversial, therefore, acid ran is any rainfall that has an aciditylevel above what is expected in non-polluted rainfall. Any precipitation thathas a pH value of less than 5.6 is considered to be acid precipita tion. Readingsof pH 2.4as acidic as vinegarwere recorded during storms in New England. During one particularly acid summer storm, rain falling on a lime-greenautomobile leached away the yellow in the green paint, leaving blue raindropshaped spots on the car. Scientists have found that pollution in the air fromthe burning of fossil fuels is the main cause of acid rain. The major chemicalsin air that help to create acid rain are sulfur dioxide, known as (SO2), andnitrogen oxides, known as (NOx). Acid rain is formed high in the clouds wheresulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides react with water, oxygen, and oxidants. Thislethal mixture creates a mild solution of sulfuric acid and nitric acid. Sunlight often increases the speed at which the reaction occur. Rainwater, snow,fog, and other forms of precipitation containing these new solutions of sulfuricand nitric acids fall to earth as acid rain. Acid rain does not make up all ofthe acidity that falls back to earth from pollutants. Only half of the acidityin the air falls back to earth through dry deposition as gases and dryparticles. The wind blows and then these acidic grains are blown onto buildings,cars, homes, and trees. In some cases, these particles can eat away the objectswhich they land on. Dry deposited gases are sometimes washed from trees andother surfaces by rainstorms. When this occurs, the runoff water adds the newacids to the acid rain, making a more acidic combination than the falling rainby itself. One of the main causes of acid rain is the sulfur dioxide. Sulfurdioxide is one of the main ingredients which make up the deadly combination thatforms acid rain. Some of the natural sources that emit this gas are rottingvegetation, volcanoes, plankton, rotting animals and sea spray. However, theburning of fossil fuels, such as coal and oil, do not help the situation and arelargely to blame for approximately half of the emissions of this gas in theworld. Water moves through living plants, animal, streams, lakes, and oceans inthe hydrologic cycle. In that cycle, water evaporates from the land and sea intothe atmosphere. Water in the atmosphere then condenses to form clouds. Cloudsrelease the water back to the earth as rain, snow, or fog. When water dropletsform and fall to the earth, they pick up particles and chemicals that float inthe air. Even clean, unpolluted air has some particles such as dust or pollen. Clean air also contains naturally occurring gases such as carbon dioxide. Theinteraction between the water droplets and the carbon dioxide in the atmospheregives rain a pH of 5.6, making even clean rain slightly acidic. Other naturalsources of acids and bases in the atmosphere may lower or raise the pH ofunpolluted rain. However, when rain contains pollutants, especially sulfurdioxide and nitrogen oxides, the rain water can become very acidic. This problemis a problem of natures balance being tampered with. If not polluted, normalprecipitation would react with chemicals that are derived from bedrock in theair, soil, lakes, and streams and this rain would be neutralized. Since theprecipitation is highly acidic, these natural buffering chemicals will bedestroyed. When this occurs, the natural buffering effect does not occur, andnature wont keep its balance Acid rain has been a big problem for a longtime. Research on acid rain is just starting to make progress. In the past,little was kn own about the causes and effects of acid rain. Lakes, rivers,oceans, and other aquatic ecosystems are largely affected by acid rain. Thereason why acid rain has such a large affect on aquatic ecosystems is becausethere as so many routes in which acidic chemicals can enter the water. Chemicalsubstances enter the water in different ways. Some of the ways acidic chemicalsenter waterways are as dry particles. These chemicals can also get into thewater in forms such as rain, hail, dew, fog and snow. Another way that acidsenter the lakes is called spring acid shock. An example of spring acid shock iswhen snow melts in the spring rapidly as a result of a sudden temperaturechange. The acids in the snow are then put into the soil. The melted snow inreturn runs off to smaller water sources, and gradually make their way into thelarger water ecosystems. This causes a sudden drastic change in the pH level. Lord of the Flies: Chapter 9-12 Notes EssayAcid rain also affects architecture. Architecture is affected by both dryprecipitation and wet precipitation. When these particles land on building theyeat into the concrete eventually destroying them. This is a potential dangerbecause the infrastructure of the buildings can be destroyed, thus hurtingpeople occupying the building Acid Rain also has a direct affect on you and I. The SO2 and NO2 emissions give rise to respiratory problems such as asthma, drycoughs, headaches, eye, nose and throat irritations. The indirect affect of acidrain are on the food that we eat. Acid rain is absorbed in fruits, and in thetissues of animals. Although these toxic metals do not directly affect theanimals, they have serious affects on humans when they are being consumed. Acidrain is a huge problem which affects every person living in the world in somesort of way. Acid rain is a problem that can be reduced but not stoppedcompletely due to the needs of our modern society. Some ways that we could helpto reduce acid rain is by recycling, carpooling, and reducing. Acid rain is aproblem that can be controlled but it is up to the people of earth to controlthe problem. Bibliography1. Heij, G.J. and J.W. Erisman (Editors). Acid Rain Research: Do we haveenough answers? New York: Elsevier, 1995. 2.Comptons New Media Encyclopedia 19963. White, James C. (Editor). Acid Rain: The Relationship between Sources andReceptors. New York: Elsevier, 1988. 4.FAQ on Acid Rain(http://ns.doe.ca/aeb/ssd/acid/acidFAQ.html)